"""
  hand.py
  A class representing a hand of cards, particularly a black jack hand.
  Jim M | Nov 2008 | GPL
"""

from card import Card
from doctest import testmod

class Hand:
  """A hand of cards, with methods for blackjack.
     >>> h = Hand()
     >>> h.addCard(Card(1, 's'))
     >>> h.addCard(Card(11, 'd'))
     >>> h.count()
     2
     >>> h.blackJackValue()
     21
     >>> h.isBlackJack()
     True
     >>> h.addCard(Card(1, 'c'))
     >>> h.blackJackValue()
     12
     >>> h.isBust()
     False
     >>> h.count(1)   # how many aces?
     2
     >>> str(h)
     '3 cards: ace of spades, jack of diamonds, ace of clubs'
  """

  def __init__(self, n=0):
    """A hand of n random cards. (If n isn't given or is 0,
       the hand is initially empty and may be filled with addCard().)
       >>> Hand(3).count()
       3
    """
    self.cards = []
    for i in range(n):
      self.cards.append(Card())

  def count(self, rank=None):
    """Return number of cards of given rank in the hand,
       or the total number of cards if rank isn't specified.
       >>> threeCards = Hand(5)
       >>> threeCards.count()
       5
    """
    if not rank:
      return len(self.cards)
    else:
      howMany = 0
      for card in self.cards:
        if rank == card.getRank():
          howMany += 1
      return howMany

  def addCard(self, card=None):
    """Add a card to the hand.  If the card isn't specified, add a random card.
       >>> hand = Hand(3)
       >>> hand.addCard()
       >>> hand.count()
       4
    """
    if not card:
      card = Card()
    self.cards.append(card)

  def blackJackValue(self):
    """Return the hand's black jack value.
       (An ace that would put the sum over 21 counts as 1 rather than 11.)
       >>> hand = Hand()
       >>> hand.addCard(Card(1, 's'))   # add ace of spades
       >>> hand.addCard(Card(7, 'c'))   # add ten of clubs
       >>> hand.blackJackValue()
       18
       >>> hand.addCard(Card(13, 'c'))  # add king of clubs
       >>> hand.blackJackValue()
       18
       >>> hand.addCard(Card(1, 'd'))   # add ace of diamonds
       >>> hand.blackJackValue()
       19
    """
    value = 0
    for card in self.cards:
      value += card.blackJackValue()
    nAces = self.count(1)
    while nAces > 0 and value > 21:
      value  -= 10
      nAces -= 1
    return value

  def getCard(self, n=None):
    """Return the n'th card from the hand, 1 <= n <= self.count().
       If n isn't given, return the last card."""
    if n and n >= 1 and n <= self.count():
      return self.cards[n-1]
    else:
      return self.cards[-1]

  def isBust(self):
    """Return True if the hand's blackjack value is over 21."""
    return self.blackJackValue() > 21

  def isBlackJack(self):
    """Return True if the hand has two cards that total 21."""
    return self.count()==2 and self.blackJackValue()==21

  def printHand(self, indent=0):
    """Print the hand, one card per line, with specified indentation."""
    for card in self.cards:
      print " "*indent + str(card)

  def sort(self):
    """Arrange the cards in increasing order by suit, ace high."""
    self.cards.sort()

  def __str__(self):
    if len(self.cards)==0:
      return "no cards"
    elif len(self.cards)==1:
      return "1 card: " + str(self.cards[0])
    else:
      names = []
      for card in self.cards:
        names.append(str(card))
      return ("%i cards: " % self.count()) + ', '.join(names)

if __name__=="__main__": 
  testmod()