/**
 * <p>
 * A Person is an object that holds personal information,
 * in particular, their name and phone number.
 * </p><p>
 * This is just a simple example of a Java class.
 * </p><pre>
 * Example usage: 
 *   jim = new Person('Jim Mahoney', '000-1234');
 *   jims_phone = jim.getPhone();
 *   jims_name  = jim.getName();
 *   total_number_of_people = Person.getNumberOfPeople();
 * </pre>
 *
 * @version 1.0, Feb 7 2007
 * @author Jim Mahoney
 */

public class Person {

    // Note that by using constants for these things
    // rather than just embedding these strings in the code,
    // it's easier to see what they are and to change 'em if need be.
    // Note also the convention of capitalizing constants.
    private static final String DEFAULT_NAME = "anonymous";
    private static final String DEFAULT_PHONE = "phone?";

    // instance variables: there's one of these for each created object,
    // and you should access them with the "this" keyword.
    private String name;
    private String phone;

    // Running count of how many Person objects have been created.
    // Note that the 'static' keyword here means there is only one
    // of these for the whole class, not one for each instance.
    private static int numberOfPeople = 0;

    // These sort of routines are called "getters" and "setters" in Java land.
    public String getName(){
        return this.name;
    }
    public void setName(String name){
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getPhone(){
        return this.phone;
    }
    public void setPhone(String phone){
        this.phone = phone;
    }

    // Note the 'static' keyword here : that means 
    // that it is is invoked on the whole class, not an instance.
    private static void incrementNumberOfPeople(){
        Person.numberOfPeople++;
    }
    public static int getNumberOfPeople(){
        return Person.numberOfPeople;
    }

    // Constructor methods.  
    // Note that I've put in several versions here,
    // depending on how you want to call it.
    public Person(){
        this.setName(DEFAULT_NAME);
        this.setPhone(DEFAULT_PHONE);
        Person.incrementNumberOfPeople();
    }
    public Person(String name){
        this.setName(name);
        this.setPhone(DEFAULT_PHONE);
        Person.incrementNumberOfPeople();
    }
    public Person(String name, String number){
        this.setName(name);
        this.setPhone(number);
        Person.incrementNumberOfPeople();
    }

    // Override the default Object.toString() method
    // that determines what this thing looks like when printed.
    public String toString(){
        return this.getName() + " (" + this.getPhone() + ")";
    }


}