Getting these chips up and running can be a bit of a chore. I've attempted to list all of the things that one might need in the space below along with a short description. The items listed below will prove useful if not essential.

A computer running linux. (Ubuntu) or similar.

An AVR programmer. (
this,
this or
this) If you buy the AVR programmer from Adafruit, it will need to be
assembled.
As long as you follow the instructions closely, it's pretty easy to make. You do need to know how to
solder though.

Some AA's.

An LM7805 voltage regulator. This semi-efficiently drops the 6V input down to a usable 5V.

Wire for prototyping. Perhaps some of
these.

Some LED's

An assortment of resistors. We'll mainly be using 10K for LDR pull-up resistors and 220 ohms should work for the LEDs.

and of course
... a brain.
(Images where possible have links nearby that link to the product pictured.)
The process of making an adapter from the 6-pin header to the 8-pin format of the chip can be quite easy or unreasonably time consuming, depending on one's approach. The next section covers the construction of such an adapter.